Thabo Tšehloane’s article analyses and contrasts how two South African post-apartheid authors, K. Sello Duiker and Niq Mhlongo, envision post-apartheid society in their inaugural novels. Tšehloane argues that Duiker’s works (e.g., Thirteen Cents and The Quiet Violence of Dreams) are marked by “tragic optimism”, using utopian enclaves and apocalyptic themes as a response to disillusionment with mainstream society. In contrast, Mhlongo’s novels (like Dog Eat Dog and After Tears) display a “comic pessimism”, highlighting ethical abdication, duplicity, and the disenchanted pursuit of material affluence in a morally compromised society. Using Fredric Jameson’s theoretical framework (especially his idea of literary texts as socially symbolic acts), the article shows how both authors’ narrative forms (e.g., Bildungsroman) and ideological tensions reflect their complex relationship with post-apartheid reality. Duiker’s vision is more inward, interior, psychologically deep, while Mhlongo’s is external, satirical, rooted in everyday moral compromises.