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This article offers an account of Toynbee Hall, the university settlement established by Samuel and Henrietta Barnett in 1884 to serve the poor of Whitechapel in the East End of London. It first explores how the Barnetts developed the principles of settlement into an ideology of "practicable socialism." It then explains why strikes at home, along with a tour abroad to India, Japan, and the United States, prompted the Barnetts to change the work of settlement from moral and cultural solutions for poverty to economic ones. It is my contention that the work of the Barnetts at Toynbee Hall arose from the intersection of liberal and colonial attitudes toward the poor, but also responded to the new identity of the working poor in late-nineteenth-century Britain as rights-bearing citizens rather than colonial subjects.