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Barfi, Behruz
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<p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Chromium is a controversial element with an important essentiality and toxicity. Depending on its different species, its speciation analysis in bio-origin matrices is of utmost importance. Ammonium <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate" title="Learn more about pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate</a> (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">APDC</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/layered-double-hydroxides" title="Learn more about layered double hydroxide from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">layered double hydroxide</a> (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">LDH</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/nanoparticle" title="Learn more about nanoparticles from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">nanoparticles</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, with the purpose of combining their outstanding performances, were served to speciate <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/chromium-ion" title="Learn more about chromium ions from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">chromium ions</a> in human biological samples. The as-obtained </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sorbent" title="Learn more about sorbent from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">sorbent</a> (</span></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">nano LDH</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">APDC</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) - after characterization by X-ray diffraction (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">XRD</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">), <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fourier-transform" title="Learn more about Fourier transform from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">Fourier transform</a> infrared (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">FT</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">IR</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) spectroscopy, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/thermogravimetric-analysis" title="Learn more about thermal gravimetric analysis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">thermal gravimetric analysis</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (TGA), and scanning <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/electron-microscopy" title="Learn more about electron microscopy from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">electron microscopy</a> (</span></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">SEM</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) - was used as a novel pH-sensitive adsorbent in an integrated one-step dispersive solid-phase extraction (I-OS-DSPE), which combines the benefits of the air-assisted <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/microextraction" title="Learn more about microextraction from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">microextraction</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> and dispersive solid-phase <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/isolation-method" title="Learn more about extraction methods from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">extraction methods</a>. An interesting feature of the </span></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">nano LDH-APDC</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/sorbent" title="Learn more about sorbent from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">sorbent</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> is that it is dissolved in an aqueous solution when the pH of the solution is lower than 4. Thus the analyte elution step, as required in most of the sorbent-based extraction methods, was obviated by dissolving the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/sorbent" title="Learn more about sorbent from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">sorbent</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> in an acidic solution after extraction and separation from the sample solution. The Cr(VI) ions were first extracted, while the Cr(III) ions remained in the aqueous solution. The extract was then directly injected into a flame <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/atomic-absorption-spectrometer" title="Learn more about atomic absorption spectrometer from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">atomic absorption spectrometer</a> with a micro-sampling introduction system, and the concentration of the Cr(III) ions was calculated by its subtraction from the total chromium ions present. Several variables including the pH (5), type and amount of the nanosorbent used (30</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mg of </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">nano</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Zn</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Al</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">LDH</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">APDC</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">), number of extraction cycles (15 times), and elution conditions (200</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">µL of 6.0</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mol</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">L</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;">−1</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> HNO</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;">3</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) were investigated to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection, linear range, consumptive index, and enrichment factor for the Cr(VI) ions were 2.4</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">μg</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">L</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;">−1</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, 8.0–640</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">μg</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">L</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif;">−1</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, 0.24, and 42.5</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">±</span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">1, respectively. These findings suggested that </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">nano</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Zn</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Al</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">) </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">LDH</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">APDC</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> could be regarded as a promising adsorbent for an efficient speciation of the chromium species in the human hair, nail, saliva, plasma, and urine samples.</span></p>
Elsevier Ltd.
January 2020
pdf
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
Toward use of a nano layered double hydroxide/ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in speciation analysis: One-step dispersive solid-phase extraction of chromium species in human biological samples
mixed material
Elsevier Ltd.