23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100535 English eng Gelaye, Yohannes Contributor <p><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Peanut (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Arachis hypogaea</em><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> L.) cultivation is increasingly vulnerable to <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/climate-change" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">climate change</a>, with drought and heat stress emerging as major constraints to productivity and food security. This review explores the critical role of root architecture in enhancing peanut adaptation to environmental stressors, and evaluates current strategies and future directions for improving root traits through genetic, physiological, and agronomic approaches. Efficient </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/root-system" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">root systems</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, characterized by deeper rooting and optimized xylem design, significantly improve water and nutrient acquisition under drought conditions. Key regulators such as <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/abscisic-acid" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">abscisic acid</a> (ABA), </span></span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/strigolactone" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">strigolactones</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, and specific root-related genes modulate root development and stress responses. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/root-exudate" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">Root exudates</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> further enhance soil root interactions, while the peanut root <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/microbiome" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">microbiome</a> contributes to nutrient cycling and resilience. Biotechnological tools, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing, are being harnessed to manipulate root traits at the molecular level. Agronomic practices like mulching and cover cropping synergize with genetic improvements by enhancing </span></span></span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soil-structure" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">soil structure</a> and moisture retention. Strengthening peanut root architecture through the integration of modern breeding, biotechnological advances, and sustainable </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/soil-management" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;">soil management</a> offers a promising path toward climate-resilient peanut production. Future research should prioritize the convergence of these approaches, alongside microbiome exploration, to secure yield stability and food security in a changing climate.</span></p> Elsevier September 2025 pdf Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Exploring the role of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root architecture in enhancing adaptation to climate change for sustainable agriculture and resilient crop production: A review mixed material Elsevier