23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2026.100755 English eng Mohammad Shboul Contributor <div class="abstract author" id="as0005" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><h3 class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" id="st0010" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">Backgrounds</h3><div class="u-margin-s-bottom" id="sp0040" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px !important;">Vitamin D (VD) has been widely reported to be associated with the developing of diabetes, potentially through its effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the association between Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that are linked to VD pathway (rs10741657 and rs1074165 in <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP2R1</em>, rs6013897 in <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP24A1</em>, and rs10877012 in <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP27B1</em>) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Jordanian population.</div></div><div class="abstract author" id="as0010" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><h3 class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" id="st0015" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">Methods</h3><div class="u-margin-s-bottom" id="sp0045" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px !important;">A total of 200 patients with T2DM and 195 healthy controls were included. SNPs analysis was performed using T-ARMS-PCR.</div></div><div class="abstract author" id="as0015" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><h3 class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" id="st0020" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">Results</h3><div class="u-margin-s-bottom" id="sp0050" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px !important;">Significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies were observed between patients with T2DM and controls for <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP2R1</em> rs10741657 and rs1074165 (<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">P</em> < 0.001 and <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">P</em> < 0.01, respectively). The rs10741657 AG genotype (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 2.27–6.00) and G allele (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.77–3.77) were associated with increased T2DM risk. Similarly, the rs1074165 GA genotype (OR = 4.27, 95% CI: 2.22–8.22) and A allele (OR = 4.68, 95% CI: 2.51–8.72) were significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility. No significant associations were identified for <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP24A1</em> rs6013897 or <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP27B1</em> rs10877012. Logistic regression confirmed significant associations between <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP2R1</em> polymorphisms and T2DM, with rs10741657 AG carriers exhibiting over six-fold higher odds of T2DM (OR = 6.12, 95% CI: 3.08–12.13, <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">P</em> < 0.001). Genetic model analyses further supported the association of both <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP2R1</em> polymorphisms with T2DM under codominant, dominant, and overdominant inheritance models, whereas no significant associations were observed for <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP24A1</em> or <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP27B1</em>.</div></div><div class="abstract author" id="as0020" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><h3 class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom" id="st0025" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 30px !important;">Conclusion</h3><div class="u-margin-s-bottom" id="sp0055" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px !important;">These findings suggest that <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CYP2R1</em> polymorphisms may serve as potential genetic markers for assessing T2DM risk in the Jordanian population.</div></div> Elsevier September 2026 pdf Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Association of CYP2R1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Jordanian population mixed material Elsevier