23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2026.100725 English eng Sheeba Khanam Contributor <p><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and the limitations of traditional therapies have prompted the discovery of biocompatible nanomaterials. In this study, green, one-pot synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (AS-ZnO-NPs) was performed using </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Alangium salvifolium</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> seed extract (aqueous) as both reducing and stabilizing agent.Nanoparticles were characterized physicochemically, showing an absorption peak at 387 nm by UV–visible spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering produced a hydrodynamic diameter of 53.28 nm, which is consistent with a biomolecular capping layer, while transmission electron microscopy showed spherical particles with a mean core diameter of 13.2 ± 2 nm. AS-ZnO-NPs showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (4.2–9.96 μg/mL) (</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">p</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> < 0.05 compared to levofloxacin control) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The enhanced antibacterial effect may result from nanoparticle interactions with microbial membranes, leading to oxidative stress. AS-ZnO-NPs displayed high cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells (IC50 = 16.38 ± 1.22 μg/mL), surpassing both the crude extract and 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistic studies using H2DCFDA fluorescence and DAPI staining indicated ROS-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by condensed chromatin. The nanoparticles showed relatively low toxicity on normal osteoblasts. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Alangiumsalvifolium</em><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> show promise as antimicrobial and anticancer agents, emphasizing the need for further in vivo testing and mechanistic studies</span></p> Elsevier September 2026 pdf Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Biofunctionalized zinc nanoparticles from Alangium salvifolium seeds extract: a potent antibacterial and anti-Cancer therapeutic agent mixed material Elsevier